Conotoxin

This is an image of conotoxin and an inset of how it affects a voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC). Conotoxin is a peptide toxin created by a tropical marine snail (Conus victoriae). Aside from VGCCs, the toxin also targets voltage-gated sodium channels, voltage-gated potassium channels, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Conotoxins are being explored as an option for pain-relief therapy.